Hurricanes are categorized by wind speed on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale. This scale was first developed by structural engineer Herb Saffir and meteorologist Bob Simpson.
Hurricanes fall into five categories based on the wind speed they generate.
-
Category 1: Winds from 74 mph to 95 mph
-
Category 2: Winds from 96 mph to 110 mph
-
Category 3: Winds from 111 mph to 129 mph
-
Category 4: Winds from 130 mph to 156 mph
-
Category 5: Winds over 157 mph.
To be considered a “major” hurricane, According to the National Hurricane CenterStorms need to reach category 3 and above.
Hurricane strength is important because it helps meteorologists know what kind of damage can occur to the inhabitants in their path.
For example, a Category 2 hurricane can cause large roof damage to a house, break or uproot shallow rooted trees, or knock out local power for days or weeks.
When the hurricane reaches Category 5 strength, the center can predict that “catastrophic damage will occur.” According to the Saffir-Simpson Scale.. Winds from Category 5 hurricanes can destroy homes, windthrows, and power lines, leaving unpowered areas for weeks or months.
Hurricane category scales are based solely on wind speed, so many factors are not taken into account.
“Wind is just one of the four major dangers associated with tropical cyclones,” he said. Dr. Michael Brennan, Deputy Director of the National Hurricane Center, using the broader terminology of hurricanes. “Also, rainfall, floods, storm surges, tornadoes, and rip currents can occur.”
Other hurricane-related dangers can occur after the storm has passed through the area.
For example, when power is lost in a disaster area, many people use portable generators to generate electricity. However, improper use can cause carbon monoxide poisoning.
However, keep in mind that even weak Category 1 hurricanes, or even tropical cyclones, can cause serious damage. Tropical cyclone wind speeds range from 39 mph to 73 mph. A category 1 hurricane occurs when the storm intensifies and winds up to 74 mph.
“For example, there are few, little noticeable differences between strong tropical cyclones with maximum sustained winds of 70 mph and category 1 hurricanes,” said Dr. Brennan. “There is enough uncertainty there that even 1 mph or even 5 mph does not make a big difference.”